Activated Carbon (Granular) - India

Brief Overview

Activated carbon, also known as activated charcoal or activated coal, is a form of carbon distinguished by its tiny pores that significantly increase its surface area. This expanded surface area is crucial for adsorption, a process where particles like atoms, ions, or molecules in gas, liquid, or solid form are attracted and held onto the surface. Activated carbon's ability to trap these particles within its internal pore structure through electrostatic attraction or chemisorption makes it valuable across industries. It plays a vital role in removing harmful substances in chemical processes, accelerating chemical reactions, and acting as a carrier for biomass and chemicals.

Manufacturing Process

Activated carbon typically originates from coconut shell charcoal or coal. To produce activated carbon, the material undergoes a controlled burning procedure in a sealed environment, specifically designed for the pyrolysis process. This transformation primarily aims to open the pores of the carbon charcoal. Initially, the charcoal possesses an area of 2 m2/g, but through this process, it expands to a range of 300-2000 m2/g, becoming activated charcoal. Activation occurs through two methods: a mild oxidation reaction using water vapor at temperatures ranging between 900-1000°C or dehydration facilitated by chemicals or salts.

Applications

1. Water and Wastewater Treatment

Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) is widely used for removing organic compounds, chlorine, taste, odor, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from drinking water and industrial effluents.

2. Air and Gas Purification

GAC effectively adsorbs odors, toxic gases, and volatile pollutants in air treatment systems.

3. Chemical Processing and Metal Recovery

Used for precious metal recovery (such as gold) and purification of chemical intermediates or solvents.

4. Food, Beverage, and Pharmaceutical Industries

Applied for decolorization and purification of liquids by removing unwanted taste, color, or contaminants.