IUPAC Name
Acetic Acid
Cas Number
64-19-7
HS Code
29152100
Formula
CH3COOH
Industry
Textile Chemicals
Appearance
Clear Colorless Liquid
Common Names
Ethanoic Acid; Ethylic acid
Packaging
20 kg poly can, 30 kg poly can or 200 kg PE drum
Glacial Acetic acid is the concentrated variant of acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, with the molecular formula CH3COOH. It acts as a weak monoprotic acid, readily releasing a proton from its acid functional group (-COOH) to form the acetate anion, a conjugate base. Functioning as a polar protic solvent, it easily dissolves and mixes with other polar solvents like water. However, its polar nature makes it insoluble and unable to mix with non-polar solvents such as octane.
When used as a primary reagent, acetic acid readily creates various organic reagents like acetyl chloride and ethanol through substitution and reduction reactions, respectively. Moreover, it can corrode metals like iron, magnesium, and zinc, producing hydrogen gas and metal acetates. Notably, aluminum develops a protective layer of aluminum oxide, granting it acid resistance and making aluminum tanks a suitable choice for transporting acetic acid. Alternatively, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) drums are also effective transport vessels due to their resistance against the effects of acetic acid.
Method 1: Methanol Carbonylation
The synthesis of acetic acid involves methanol carbonylation, where the introduction of metal carbonyl into methanol occurs through either the rhodium-catalyzed Monsanto process or the iridium-catalyzed Cativa process. However, the advancement of the iridium-catalyzed Cativa process rendered the Monsanto process obsolete. The Cativa process, known for its economic and environmentally sustainable nature, swiftly became the primary method for producing acetic acid.
Method 2: Acetaldehyde Oxidation
Another approach to acetic acid production entails oxidizing acetaldehyde, obtained from the oxidation of butane and hydration of ethylene through the Wacker process. The resulting crude acetaldehyde undergoes purification via extractive distillation followed by fractional distillation. This refined acetaldehyde then undergoes further oxidation to yield acetic acid.
Method 3: Fermentation Techniques
Acetic acid synthesis also involves oxidative fermentation utilizing acetic acid bacteria Acetobacter in alcoholic content or anaerobic fermentation employing anaerobic bacteria Acetobacterium. The Acetobacter method proves more cost-effective for acetic acid production compared to other fermentation methods.
Glacial Acetic acid is the concentrated variant of acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, with the molecular formula CH3COOH. It acts as a weak monoprotic acid, readily releasing a proton from its acid functional group (-COOH) to form the acetate anion, a conjugate base. Functioning as a polar protic solvent, it easily dissolves and mixes with other polar solvents like water. However, its polar nature makes it insoluble and unable to mix with non-polar solvents such as octane.
When used as a primary reagent, acetic acid readily creates various organic reagents like acetyl chloride and ethanol through substitution and reduction reactions, respectively. Moreover, it can corrode metals like iron, magnesium, and zinc, producing hydrogen gas and metal acetates. Notably, aluminum develops a protective layer of aluminum oxide, granting it acid resistance and making aluminum tanks a suitable choice for transporting acetic acid. Alternatively, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) drums are also effective transport vessels due to their resistance against the effects of acetic acid.
Method 1: Methanol Carbonylation
The synthesis of acetic acid involves methanol carbonylation, where the introduction of metal carbonyl into methanol occurs through either the rhodium-catalyzed Monsanto process or the iridium-catalyzed Cativa process. However, the advancement of the iridium-catalyzed Cativa process rendered the Monsanto process obsolete. The Cativa process, known for its economic and environmentally sustainable nature, swiftly became the primary method for producing acetic acid.
Method 2: Acetaldehyde Oxidation
Another approach to acetic acid production entails oxidizing acetaldehyde, obtained from the oxidation of butane and hydration of ethylene through the Wacker process. The resulting crude acetaldehyde undergoes purification via extractive distillation followed by fractional distillation. This refined acetaldehyde then undergoes further oxidation to yield acetic acid.
Method 3: Fermentation Techniques
Acetic acid synthesis also involves oxidative fermentation utilizing acetic acid bacteria Acetobacter in alcoholic content or anaerobic fermentation employing anaerobic bacteria Acetobacterium. The Acetobacter method proves more cost-effective for acetic acid production compared to other fermentation methods.
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